如果你使用apt命令在终端中安装软件包，你将看到各种输出。
1 package_name set to manually installed
你有没有想过这条消息是什么意思，为什么你没有在所有包上看到它？让我在本篇中分享一些细节。
那么从最常见的场景开始：复制文件和复制目录。
当你尝试安装已安装的库或开发包时，你会看到这个输出。此依赖包是与另一个包一起自动安装的。如果删除了主包，则使用 apt autoremove 命令删除依赖包。
但是由于你试图显式安装依赖包，你的 Debian 系统认为你需要这个包独立于主包。因此，该软件包被标记为手动安装，不会被自动删除。
不是很清楚，对吧？以 在 Debian 上安装 inxi 为例。
由于主 inxi 包依赖于许多其他包，因此这些包会自动安装。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 $ sudo apt install inxi Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: bind9-dnsutils bind9-host bind9-libs dnsutils file hddtemp libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-common libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libfontenc1 libfstrm0 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglew2.1 libglu1-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libice6 libicu67 libllvm11 liblmdb0 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmaxminddb0 libpci3 libpciaccess0 libprotobuf-c1 libsensors-config libsensors5 libsm6 libusb-1.0-0 libuv1 libvulkan1 libwayland-client0 libx11-xcb1 libxaw7 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxfixes3 libxft2 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbfile1 libxml2 libxmu6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxt6 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 libz3-4 lm-sensors mesa-utils mesa-vulkan-drivers pci.ids pciutils tree usbutils x11-common x11-utils x11-xserver-utils Suggested packages: libcpanel-json-xs-perl | libjson-xs-perl libxml-dumper-perl glew-utils mmdb-bin fancontrol read-edid i2c-tools nickle cairo-5c xorg-docs-core The following NEW packages will be installed: bind9-dnsutils bind9-host bind9-libs dnsutils file hddtemp inxi libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-common libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libfontenc1 libfstrm0 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglew2.1 libglu1-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libice6 libicu67 libllvm11 liblmdb0 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libmaxminddb0 libpci3 libpciaccess0 libprotobuf-c1 libsensors-config libsensors5 libsm6 libusb-1.0-0 libuv1 libvulkan1 libwayland-client0 libx11-xcb1 libxaw7 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxfixes3 libxft2 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbfile1 libxml2 libxmu6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxt6 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 libz3-4 lm-sensors mesa-utils mesa-vulkan-drivers pci.ids pciutils tree usbutils x11-common x11-utils x11-xserver-utils 0 upgraded, 80 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 56.2 MB of archives. After this operation, 226 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
比如我们检查第一个新安装的 bind9-dnsutils，会发现它被标记为“自动”。
这表明这些软件包是跟着 inxi 自动安装的，当 inxi 被卸载时，它们会被 apt autoremove 命令自动删除。
1 2 3 4 5 $ apt list --installed | grep bind9-dnsutils WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. bind9-dnsutils/stable,stable-security,now 1:9.16.27-1~deb11u1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
假设你出于某种原因考虑安装 bind9-dnsutils，如果运行 apt install 命令，系统会告诉你该软件包已安装。
同时，它将标记从自动更改为手动，因为系统认为在尝试手动安装表明需要此包。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 $ sudo apt install bind9-dnsutils Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done bind9-dnsutils is already the newest version (1:9.16.27-1~deb11u1). bind9-dnsutils set to manually installed. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. $ apt list --installed | grep bind9-dnsutils WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. bind9-dnsutils/stable,stable-security,now 1:9.16.27-1~deb11u1 amd64 [installed]
现在，删除 inxi 并运行 autoremove 命令。你可以看到 bind9-dnsutils 不在要删除的软件包列表中，并且它仍然在系统上面。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 $ sudo apt remove inxi Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: dnsutils file hddtemp libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-common libdrm-intel1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdrm2 libfontenc1 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglapi-mesa libglew2.1 libglu1-mesa libglvnd0 libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libice6 libllvm11 libmagic-mgc libmagic1 libpci3 libpciaccess0 libsensors-config libsensors5 libsm6 libusb-1.0-0 libvulkan1 libwayland-client0 libx11-xcb1 libxaw7 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-dri3-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-shm0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcomposite1 libxcursor1 libxdamage1 libxfixes3 libxft2 libxi6 libxinerama1 libxkbfile1 libxmu6 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxshmfence1 libxt6 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 libxxf86vm1 libz3-4 lm-sensors mesa-utils mesa-vulkan-drivers pci.ids pciutils tree usbutils x11-common x11-utils x11-xserver-utils Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED: inxi 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. After this operation, 995 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y (Reading database ... 26557 files and directories currently installed.) Removing inxi (3.3.01-1-1) ... $ apt list --installed | grep bind9-dnsutils WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. bind9-dnsutils/stable,stable-security,now 1:9.16.27-1~deb11u1 amd64 [installed]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 $ sudo apt-mark auto bind9-dnsutils bind9-dnsutils set to automatically installed. $ apt list --installed | grep bind9-dnsutils WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. bind9-dnsutils/stable,stable-security,now 1:9.16.27-1~deb11u1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
这不是一个需要注意的错误，也不会中断你任何在系统中的工作。
但是，了解这些小事会增加你的知识。
